Literatur
Zu der Entwicklung und Anwendung von Methoden im Bereich des Brandschutzingenieurwesens mittels rechnergestützer Simulationen finden sich in der Literatur eine Vielzahl von Veröffentlichungen. Einen Überblick bietet die nachfolgende Auflistung von Literaturquellen. Sofern die Quellen zugänglich und im World Wide Web zur Verfügung stehen, besteht die Möglichkeit, direkt aus der Liste zur jeweiligen Literaturquelle bzw. dem Verlag zu gelangen.
Die Liste wird in den kommenden Wochen wachsen. Wir bemühen uns, die Liste sowie insbesondere die Verweise aktuell zu halten. Sollte sich ein Verweis geändert haben oder Ihr Beitrag nicht in der Liste erscheinen, zögern Sie nicht und schreiben Sie uns.
Die Literaturliste enthält derzeit Quellen aus folgenden Bereichen:
- Fachbücher
- Konferenzbeiträge
- Fachzeitschriftenartikel
- Wissenschaftliche Berichte
- Dissertationen
- Sonstige Quellen
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[2008,book] bibtexB. Stock and K. Wallasch, Das Fire Dynamics Simulator Handbuch – Brandsimulationen mit FDS, Norderstedt: books on Demand GmbH, 2008.
@BOOK{StockWallasch2008, title = {Das Fire Dynamics Simulator Handbuch - Brandsimulationen mit FDS},
author = {Stock, Boris and Wallasch, Karl},
publisher = {books on Demand GmbH},
address = {Norderstedt},
year = {2008},
owner = {f-sim},
} -
[2006,book] bibtexJ. Fröhlich, Large Eddy Simulation turbulenter Strömungen, Wiesbaden: B. G. Teubner Verlag, 2006.
@BOOK{Froehlich2006, title = {Large Eddy Simulation turbulenter Str\"{o}mungen},
author = {Jochen Fr\"{o}hlich},
publisher = {B. G. Teubner Verlag},
address = {Wiesbaden},
year = {2006},
owner = {f-sim.de},
} -
[2006,book] bibtexJ. G. Quintiere, Fundamentals of fire phenomena, Chichester: Wiley, 2006.
@BOOK{Quintiere2006, title = {fundamentals of fire phenomena},
author = {Quintiere, James G.},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Chichester},
year = {2006},
owner = {f-sim.de},
} -
[2002,book] bibtexU. Schneider, Grundlagen der Ingenieurmethoden im Brandschutz, Düsseldorf: Werner Verlag, 2002.
@BOOK{Schneider2002, title = {Grundlagen der Ingenieurmethoden im Brandschutz},
author = {Ulrich Schneider},
publisher = {Werner Verlag},
address = {D\"{u}sseldorf},
year = {2002},
owner = {f-sim.de},
} -
[2000,book] bibtexD. Drysdale, An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2. ed., Chichester: Wiley, 2000.
@BOOK{Drysdale2000, title = {An Introduction to Fire Dynamics},
author = {Drysdale, Dougal},
edition = {2.},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Chichester},
year = {2000},
owner = {f-sim},
}
-
[2001,inproceedings] bibtexP. Ruffino, M. Di Marzo, and K. McGrattan, "Validation of the droplet evaporation model of the NIST fire dynamics simulator," in 2001 National Heat Transfer Conference (NHTC2001), Ananheim, CA, 2001, pp. 1771-1778.
@INPROCEEDINGS{Ruffino2001,
author = {Ruffino, P. and Di Marzo, M. and McGrattan, K.},
title = {Validation of the droplet evaporation model of the NIST fire dynamics simulator},
booktitle = {2001 National Heat Transfer Conference (NHTC2001)},
year = {2001},
volume = {2},
pages = {1771--1778},
address = {Ananheim, CA},
abstract = {The Evaporative Cooling Sensor Accuracy Test (ECSAT) facility at the University of Maryland is designed to study the evolution of water droplets in a gaseous stream and to characterize the response of sensors that are simultaneously exposed to the hot gases and to the water droplets. The ECSAT facility consists of a duct in which a blower establishes a hot gas flow laden with water droplets. The velocity of the gas and the water volumetric fraction are monitored along the flow path through optical methods, while the gas temperature is evaluated by interpolating the data from experiments performed in dry and wet conditions. The flow velocities are in the range of interest associated with ceiling jets in a fire scenario. The gas temperatures are consistent with the velocity and the temperature of a ceiling jet. The tests performed at the ECSAT facility are used to validate the droplet evaporation model of the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The results gathered from the tests are analyzed in terms of water volumetric fraction as a function of the coordinate along the duct. The experimental data are obtained for a broad range of conditions of gas velocity and temperature. The boundary conditions are characterized in order to provide the necessary input to the FDS. The FDS model consists of a large eddy simulation algorithm combined with a Lagrangian water droplet-tracking algorithm. The FDS is used to simulate a variety of fire-induced flows, including those with sprinkler sprays, Validation of sprinkler droplet heat transfer is crucial in predicting the cooling effect of water droplets in real fire scenarios. The FDS calculations are compared with the information gathered from the ECSAT facility to fully assess the performance of the model.},
issn = {0791835332 (ISBN)},
owner = {f-sim.de},
} -
[2001,inproceedings] bibtexV. T. D’Souza, J. A. Sutula, S. M. Olenick, W. Zhang, and R. J. Roby, "Use of the fire dynamics simulator to predict smoke detector activation," in The 2001 Technical Meeting of the Eastern States Section of the Combustion Institute, Hilton Head, SC, 2001, p. 175.
@INPROCEEDINGS{D'Souza2001,
author = {D'Souza, V.T. and Sutula, J.A. and Olenick, S.M. and Zhang, W. and Roby, R.J.},
title = {Use of the fire dynamics simulator to predict smoke detector activation},
booktitle = {The 2001 Technical Meeting of the Eastern States Section of the Combustion Institute},
year = {2001},
pages = {175--},
address = {Hilton Head, SC},
owner = {f-sim.de},
}
-
[2009,article] bibtex
A. A. Stec, T. R. Hull, J. A. Purser, and D. A. Purser, "Comparison of toxic product yields from bench-scale to ISO room," Fire Safety Journal, vol. 44, iss. 1, pp. 62-70, 2009.@ARTICLE{Stec2009,
author = {Stec, A.A. and Hull, T.R. and Purser, J.A. and Purser, D.A.},
title = {Comparison of toxic product yields from bench-scale to ISO room},
journal = {Fire Safety Journal},
year = {2009},
volume = {44},
pages = {62--70},
number = {1},
month = jan, abstract = {Toxic products are the main cause of fire injuries and deaths, but available methods for measuring or calculating toxic product yields have severe limitations. Full-scale or large-scale experimental re-creations of fire scenarios are sometimes used for the assessment of toxic hazard, but such tests are expensive, while small-scale or even larger-scale tests often provide poor simulations of full-scale conditions. From a testing and engineering calculation perspective there is a need for test methods to provide data-enabling calculations of toxic product yields in defined full-scale scenarios. Full-scale and large-scale tests have demonstrated that toxic product yields are highly dependent upon the combustion conditions. Fire stages and types can be characterised either in terms of CO2/CO ratio, or preferably in terms of equivalence ratio, which provide reasonably good predictive metrics for product yields. The steady-state tube furnace (ISO TS 19700) allows individual fire stages to be replicated and shows a good general agreement with product yield data (measured for CO2, CO, HCN, NOx, total hydrocarbons and smoke particulates) obtained from large-scale ISO room tests for the five materials considered here and expressed as functions of equivalence ratio and CO2/CO ratio. The closest direct agreement between the large- and small-scale data were obtained for pool fires involving PP and nylon 6.6 product yield. For materials burned as wall linings, with varying decomposition conditions at different room locations, and/or when a propane flame is also present, direct comparison with tube-furnace data is more problematic. Nevertheless MDF, MDF-FR and PS show reasonable agreement for CO, CO2, HCN and hydrocarbon yields between the scales. Smoke yields tended to be more variable and may be influenced by the presence of different areas of flaming and non-flaming decomposition.},
owner = {f-sim.de},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V37-4SFR7R4-1/2/9acb03e58d054425237a736108e7fe88}
} -
[2009,article] bibtexK. Wallasch and B. Stock, "Ein Beitrag zur Anwendbarkeit von numerischen Ingenieurmethoden des Brandschutzes im Genehmigungsverfahren," vfdb – Zeitschrift für Forschung, Technik und Management im Brandschutz, vol. 58, iss. 4, pp. 216-221, 2009.
@ARTICLE{StockWallasch2009,
author = {Wallasch, Karl and Stock, Boris},
title = {Ein Beitrag zur Anwendbarkeit von numerischen Ingenieurmethoden des Brandschutzes im Genehmigungsverfahren},
journal = {vfdb - Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Forschung, Technik und Management im Brandschutz},
year = {2009},
volume = {58},
pages = {216--221},
number = {4},
owner = {f-sim},
} -
[2009,article] bibtexM. R. Tavares and E. R. Galea, "Evacuation modelling analysis within the operational research context: A combined approach for improving enclosure designs," Building and Environment, vol. 44, iss. 5, pp. 1005-1016, 2009.
@ARTICLE{Tavares2009,
author = {Tavares, R. Machado and Galea, E.R.},
title = {Evacuation modelling analysis within the operational research context: A combined approach for improving enclosure designs},
journal = {Building and Environment},
year = {2009},
volume = {44},
pages = {1005--1016},
number = {5},
abstract = {Evacuation models have been playing an important function in the transition process from prescriptive fire safety codes to performance-based ones over the last three decades. In fact, such models became also useful tools in different tasks within fire safety engineering field, such as fire risks assessment and fire investigation. However, there are some difficulties in this process when using these models. For instance, during the evacuation modelling analysis, a common problem faced by fire safety engineers concerns the number of simulations which needs to be performed. In other terms, which fire designs (i.e., scenarios) should be investigated using the evacuation models? This type of question becomes more complex when specific issues such as the optimal positioning of exits within an arbitrarily structure needs to be addressed. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology which combines the use of evacuation models with numerical techniques used in the operational research field, such as Design of Experiments (DoE), Response Surface Models (RSM) and the numerical optimisation techniques. The methodology here presented is restricted to evacuation modelling analysis, nevertheless this same concept can be extended to fire modelling analysis.},
owner = {f-sim.de},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V23-4TGHN84-3/2/2d82dd82dcbcea36051f15a8df865b16}
} -
[2008,article] bibtexS. A. Ferraris, J. X. Wen, and S. Dembele, "Large eddy simulation of the backdraft phenomenon," Fire Safety Journal, vol. 43, iss. 3, pp. 205-225, 2008.
@ARTICLE{Ferraris2008,
author = {Ferraris, S.A. and Wen, J.X. and Dembele, S.},
title = {Large eddy simulation of the backdraft phenomenon},
journal = {Fire Safety Journal},
year = {2008},
volume = {43},
pages = {205--225},
number = {3},
month = {Apr},
owner = {f-sim.de},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V37-4PMT5MS-1/2/04aa51f2935c93a5fb812756078b3f40}
} -
[2008,article] bibtexJ. B. Hoover, "Application of the CFAST Zone Model to Ships — Fire Specification Parameters," Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, vol. 18, iss. 3, pp. 199-222, 2008.
@ARTICLE{Hoover2008,
author = {Hoover, John B.},
title = {Application of the CFAST Zone Model to Ships -- Fire Specification Parameters},
journal = {Journal of Fire Protection Engineering},
year = {2008},
volume = {18},
pages = {199--222},
number = {3},
month = {Aug},
abstract = {An analysis of the sensitivity of the Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport model to several key fire specification parameters has been performed for this paper. Results of simulations of shipboard fires are compared with data from full-scale experiments. It was found that reasonable estimates of the fire inputs, with the exception of the smoke and carbon monoxide production parameters, could be obtained from literature values. The soot parameter was found to be critical for accurate temperature predictions, especially in the upper layer.},
owner = {f-sim.de},
url = {http://jfe.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/18/3/199}
} -
[2007,article] bibtexA. Ren, J. Shi, and W. Shi, "Integration of fire simulation and structural analysis for safety evaluation of gymnasiums — With a case study of gymnasium for Olympic Games in 2008," Automation in Construction, vol. 16, iss. 3, pp. 277-289, 2007.
@ARTICLE{Ren2007,
author = {Ren, Aizhu and Shi, Jianyong and Shi, Wenzhong},
title = {Integration of fire simulation and structural analysis for safety evaluation of gymnasiums -- With a case study of gymnasium for Olympic Games in 2008},
journal = {Automation in Construction},
year = {2007},
volume = {16},
pages = {277--289},
number = {3},
month = {May},
abstract = {In order to be safely used in the 2008 Olympic Games, the currently existing gymnasiums should be taken for evaluating their safety of utilization. As the structural analysis and fire simulation have been developed to work separately in previous works, the normal loads and fire actions have not been able to be taken into account together. This paper presents a newly developed integrated system-SFSAS, for both of structural analysis and fire simulation. The computer model of a gymnasium can be used for both structural analysis and fire simulation in the system. Based on the structural analysis under temperature loads due to a fire that is designed according to the risk analysis, the fire protection degree for the components in a structure can be quantitated. In this paper, the solutions as well as a case study are presented and discussed in details.},
owner = {f-sim.de},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V20-4KJ0SMW-1/2/13adfbb53a9b6b8a6672ce8f981d4261}
} -
[2007,article] bibtexK. Wallasch and G. Daniels, "Zur Verwendung von Sprinkleranlagen im Wohnungsbau," Bauphysik, vol. 29, iss. 2, pp. 131-134, 2007.
@ARTICLE{Wallasch2007,
author = {Wallasch, Karl and Daniels, Gary},
title = {Zur Verwendung von Sprinkleranlagen im Wohnungsbau},
journal = {Bauphysik},
year = {2007},
volume = {29},
pages = {131--134},
number = {2},
owner = {f-sim},
} -
[2007,article] bibtexK. Van Maele and B. Merci, "Fire safety case study of a railway tunnel: Smoke evacuation," Therm. Sci., vol. 11, iss. 2, pp. 207-222, 2007.
@ARTICLE{VanMaele2007,
author = {Van Maele, K. and Merci, B.},
title = {Fire safety case study of a railway tunnel: Smoke evacuation},
journal = {Therm. Sci.},
year = {2007},
volume = {11},
pages = {207--222},
number = {2},
abstract = {When a fire occurs in a tunnel, it is of great importance to as sure the safety of the occupants of the tunnel. This is achieved by creating smoke-free spaces in the tunnel through control of the smoke gases. In this paper, results are presented of a study concerning the fire safety in a real scale railway tunnel test case. Numerical simulations are performed in order to examine the possibility of natural ventilation of smoke in in clined tunnels. Several aspects are taken into ac count: the length of the simulated tunnel section, the slope of the tunnel and the possible ef fects of external wind at one portal of the tunnel. The Fire Dynamics Simulator of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, is applied to perform the simulations. The simulations show that for the local behaviour of the smoke during the early stages of the fire, the slope of the tunnel is of little importance. Secondly, the results show that external wind and/or pressure conditions have a large effect on the smoke gases in side the tunnel. Finally, some idea for the value of the critical ventilation velocity is given. The study also shows that computational fluid dynamics calculations are a valuable tool for large scale, real life complex fire cases.},
address = {Ghent University - UGent, Faculy of Engineering, Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics, 41, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium},
keywords = {Fire dynamics simulator, Simulation, Smoke control, Tunnel fire safety},
owner = {f-sim.de},
} -
[2007,article] bibtexI. R. Thomas, K. A. M. Moinuddin, and I. D. Bennetts, "The Effect of Fuel Quantity and Location on Small Enclosure Fires," Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, vol. 17, iss. 2, pp. 85-102, 2007.
@ARTICLE{Thomas2007a,
author = {Thomas, Ian R. and Moinuddin, Khalid A.M. and Bennetts, Ian D.},
title = {The Effect of Fuel Quantity and Location on Small Enclosure Fires},
journal = {Journal of Fire Protection Engineering},
year = {2007},
volume = {17},
pages = {85--102},
number = {2},
abstract = {Results from an experimental program undertaken to study the effect of fuel quantity and location on ethanol pool fires in the open and in a small enclosure (an ISO 9705 room) are compared with simulations using the Fire Dynamics Simulator version 4.03 (FDS4). The fuel in trays is placed at three locations (front, back, and center) within the room enclosure as well as directly under the calorimeter hood. The measured heat release rate (HRR) is found to vary substantially when a fuel package consisting of different quantities of ethanol is placed at different locations within the room. Instead of prescribing this HRR into the FDS simulation, these experimental results are compared with HRR predictions obtained using the FDS4 combustion model. The comparison reveals that there are significant and variable differences between the experimental results and the FDS4 predictions in contrast to simulations where the HRR is prescribed.},
owner = {f-sim.de},
url = {http://jfe.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/2/85}
} -
[2006,article] bibtexK. Wallasch, H. J. Pabst, U. Werner, and O. Kornadt, "Ein Beitrag zur Untersuchung der Entrauchung von Krankenausfluren," Bauphysik, vol. 28, iss. 3, pp. 210-214, 2006.
@ARTICLE{Wallasch2006,
author = {Wallasch, Karl and Pabst, Hans Joachim and Werner, Ulf-J\"{u}rgen and Kornadt, Oliver},
title = {Ein Beitrag zur Untersuchung der Entrauchung von Krankenausfluren},
journal = {Bauphysik},
year = {2006},
volume = {28},
pages = {210--214},
number = {3},
owner = {f-sim},
} -
[2006,article] bibtexN. L. Ryder, C. F. Schemel, and S. P. Jankiewicz, "Near and far field contamination modeling in a large scale enclosure: Fire Dynamics Simulator comparisons with measured observations," J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 130, iss. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., pp. 182-186, 2006.
@ARTICLE{Ryder2006,
author = {Ryder, N.L. and Schemel, C.F. and Jankiewicz, S.P.},
title = {Near and far field contamination modeling in a large scale enclosure: Fire Dynamics Simulator comparisons with measured observations},
journal = {J. Hazard. Mater.},
year = {2006},
volume = {130},
pages = {182--186},
number = {1-2 SPEC. ISS.},
abstract = {The occurrence of a fire, no matter how small, often exposes objects to significant levels of contamination from the products of combustion. The production and dispersal of these contaminants has been an issue of relevance in the field of fire science for many years, though little work has been done to examine the contamination levels accumulated within an enclosure some time after an incident. This phenomenon is of great importance when considering the consequences associated with even low level contamination of sensitive materials, such as food, pharmaceuticals, clothing, electrical equipment, etc. Not only does such exposure present a localized hazard, but also the shipment of contaminated goods places distant recipients at risk. It is the intent of this paper to use a well-founded computational fluid dynamic (CFD) program, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a large eddy simulation (LES) code developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to model smoke dispersion in order to assess the subject of air contamination and post fire surface contamination in a warehouse facility. Measured results are then compared with the results from the FDS model. Two components are examined: the production rate of contaminates and the trajectory of contaminates caused by the forced ventilation conditions. Each plays an important role in determining the extent to which the products of combustion are dispersed and the levels to which products are exposed to the contaminants throughout the enclosure. The model results indicate a good first-order approximation to the measured surface contamination levels. The proper application of the FDS model can provide a cost and time efficient means of evaluating contamination levels within a defined volume. ? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
address = {Packer Engineering Inc., 6700 Alexander Bell Drive, Columbia, MD 21046, United States},
owner = {f-sim.de},
} -
[2004,article] bibtexN. L. Ryder, J. A. Sutula, C. F. Schemel, A. J. Hamer, and V. V. Brunt, "Consequence modeling using the fire dynamics simulator," J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 115, iss. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., pp. 149-154, 2004.
@ARTICLE{Ryder2004,
author = {Ryder, N.L. and Sutula, J.A. and Schemel, C.F. and Hamer, A.J. and Brunt, V.V.},
title = {Consequence modeling using the fire dynamics simulator},
journal = {J. Hazard. Mater.},
year = {2004},
volume = {115},
pages = {149--154},
number = {1-3 SPEC. ISS.},
abstract = {The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and in particular Large Eddy Simulation (LES) codes to model fires provides an efficient tool for the prediction of large-scale effects that include plume characteristics, combustion product dispersion, and heat effects to adjacent objects. This paper illustrates the strengths of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), an LES code developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), through several small and large-scale validation runs and process safety applications. The paper presents two fire experiments - a small room fire and a large (15 m diameter) pool fire. The model results are compared to experimental data and demonstrate good agreement between the models and data. The validation work is then extended to demonstrate applicability to process safety concerns by detailing a model of a tank farm fire and a model of the ignition of a gaseous fuel in a confined space. In this simulation, a room was filled with propane, given time to disperse, and was then ignited. The model yields accurate results of the dispersion of the gas throughout the space. This information can be used to determine flammability and explosive limits in a space and can be used in subsequent models to determine the pressure and temperature waves that would result from an explosion. The model dispersion results were compared to an experiment performed by Factory Mutual. Using the above examples, this paper will demonstrate that FDS is ideally suited to build realistic models of process geometries in which large scale explosion and fire failure risks can be evaluated with several distinct advantages over more traditional CFD codes. Namely transient solutions to fire and explosion growth can be produced with less sophisticated hardware (lower cost) than needed for traditional CFD codes (PC type computer verses UNIX workstation) and can be solved for longer time histories (on the order of hundreds of seconds of computed time) with minimal computer resources and length of model run. Additionally results that are produced can be analyzed, viewed, and tabulated during and following a model run within a PC environment. There are some tradeoffs, however, as rapid computations in PC's may require a sacrifice in the grid resolution or in the sub-grid modeling, depending on the size of the geometry modeled. ? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
address = {Packer Engineering Inc., 6700 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 100, Columbia, MD 21046, USA},
owner = {f-sim.de},
} -
[2003,article] bibtexJ. E. Floyd, K. B. McGrattan, S. Hostikka, and H. R. Baum, "CFD fire simulation using mixture fraction combustion and finite volume radiative heat transfer," J Fire Prot Eng, vol. 13, iss. 1, pp. 11-36, 2003.
@ARTICLE{Floyd2003,
author = {Floyd, J.E. and McGrattan, K.B. and Hostikka, S. and Baum, H.R.},
title = {CFD fire simulation using mixture fraction combustion and finite volume radiative heat transfer},
journal = {J Fire Prot Eng},
year = {2003},
volume = {13},
pages = {11--36},
number = {1},
address = {VTT Building and Transport, Espoo, Finland},
owner = {f-sim.de},
} -
[2003,article] bibtexG. P. Forney, D. Madrzykowski, K. B. McGrattan, and L. Sheppard, "Understanding fire and smoke flow through modeling and visualization," IEEE Comput Graphics Appl, vol. 23, iss. 4, p. 6, 2003.
@ARTICLE{Forney2003,
author = {Forney, G.P. and Madrzykowski, D. and McGrattan, K.B. and Sheppard, L.},
title = {Understanding fire and smoke flow through modeling and visualization},
journal = {IEEE Comput Graphics Appl},
year = {2003},
volume = {23},
pages = {6--},
number = {4},
owner = {f-sim.de},
}
-
[2009,techreport] bibtexM. Münch and S. Kilian, "A new generalized domain decomposition strategy for the efficient parallel solution of the FDS-pressure equation, Part I: Theory, Concept and Implementation," Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin, Takustr. 7, 14195 Berlin, ZIB Report 09-19, 2009.
@TechReport{Muench2009,
author = {M\"{u}nch, Matthias and Kilian, Susanne},
title = {A new generalized domain decomposition strategy for the efficient parallel solution of the FDS-pressure equation, Part I: Theory, Concept and Implementation},
number = {ZIB Report 09-19},
institution = {Zentrum f\"{u}r Informationstechnik Berlin},
address = {Takustr. 7, 14195 Berlin},
month = {June},
year = {2009},
URL = {http://opus.kobv.de/zib/volltexte/2009/1182/},
language = {English},
owner = {f-sim},
} -
[1988,techreport] bibtexV. Babrauskas, R. H. Harris, R. G. Gann, B. C. Levin, B. T. Lee, R. D. Peacock, M. Paabo, W. Twilley, M. F. Yoklavich, and H. M. Clark, "Fire Hazard Comparsion of Fire-Retarded and Non-Fire-Retarded Products (NBS Special Publication 749)," U.S. Departement of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards1988.
@TECHREPORT{Babrauskas1988,
author = {Babrauskas, V. and Harris, R. H. and Gann, R. G. and Levin, B. C. and Lee, B. T. and Peacock, R. D. and Paabo, M. and Twilley, W. and Yoklavich, M. F. and Clark, H. M.},
title = {Fire Hazard Comparsion of Fire-Retarded and Non-Fire-Retarded Products (NBS Special Publication 749)},
institution = {U.S. Departement of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards },
year = {1988},
owner = {f-sim.de},
}
-
[2007,phdthesis] bibtexO. Riese, "Ein Brandausbreitungsmodell für Kabel," PhD Thesis , 2007.
@PHDTHESIS{Riese2007,
author = {Riese, Olaf},
title = {Ein Brandausbreitungsmodell f\"{u}r Kabel},
school = {TU Braunschweig},
year = {2007},
owner = {f-sim.de},
}
